The Life Of Andy Warhol Essay Sample Example For Students

The Life Of Andy Warhol Essay Sample Never before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understand why and how his works were created. His life is as interesting as his artistic masterpieces. We will write a custom essay on The Life Of Andy Warhol Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Andrew Warhola his original name was born one of three sons of Czech immigrants, somewhere in Pennsylvania on either August 6, 1928 or on September 28, 1930 the date on his birth certificate. His father died when Andy was at a very young age. Thus, it forced Andy into a deep depression containing lack of self confidence. Much of his young life has been kept secret. However, he did report being very shy and depressed because he never felt comfortable with his homosexuality. His childhood life may have been full of the torture that children threw at him for being the different person he was. He was able to attend college. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in pictorial design from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949, he went to New York City with Philip Pearlstein, who was a fellow student that later became a well-known realist painter. In 1960, Warhol finally began to paint in earnest and to view art seriously as a career. He began his career with commercial drawings of womens shoes. In 1961, an early manifestation was his Dick Tracy, an enlarged version of the comic strip that was placed in the window of Lord Taylors department store. He followed in his own footsteps to keep going in the ever-so-famous pop art track. Warhols use of images are so close to the images themselves, thanks to the photographic silkscreen technique, which is a process of applying the same image over and over again without changing the original. In 1963, he began turning film into his next aesthetic. He was the recorder of the world around him. Warhol saw this world as populated by hustlers of various sorts, motivated largely by money and the goods it would buy. Later that next year, he started to experiment in underground film. In the late 70s he began to use sex and nudity to gain attention in his films. Whether this was moral or not; it did, however, work. The rest of his short life was spent visiting with celebrities and keeping up with the worlds times. He tried to understand how the rest of the world saw things, but just never got there. Sadly, Warhol died of a heart failure on March 9, 1987, still wearing his famous blond hair wig. Andys diaries are not actual written records of his day to day accounts, but they are audio recordings of his phone conversations to Pat Hackett every Monday through Friday from Wednesday, November 24, 1976 to Tuesday, February 17, 1987, just weeks before his death. Warhol originally intended these daily records to be documentation of his minor business expenses. He was just audited and felt the need to be extra careful. In a word it was a diary. But whatever its broader objective, its narrow one, to satisfy tax auditors, was always on my mind Warhol xvi. Later on, he felt the diaries were a great way to explain his everyday occurrences for more than a decade of his life. This view of his life from his eyes is probably the most balanced view ever given. He may have changed since the 60s, but it is still the truest representation of Andy, himself. .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .postImageUrl , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:hover , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:visited , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:active { border:0!important; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:active , .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub710d2cce456005568d110e0132f4ccc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Analysis The Life of David Gale EssayHe never expressed the key happenings of his life; its as if we, the readers, already knew them. He just usually mentions the quick everyday type things such as a cab ride to uptown New York. The first major influence on Andy Warhols life was the stepping stone of his artistic career, his enrollment in and completion of Carnegie Institute of Technology with a bachelor degree in pictorial design. After graduating he moved out to New York City, where his life blossomed. He lived for a couple of years with Philip Pearlstein, who he had met at school. Warhol, with his education centered around design, set out to begin his career on the right foot. He started doing drawings for advertisements in a womens shoe catalog. It may not have been much to brag about, but it was at least something he could learn and gain from the experience given to him. Andy may have acquired his use of media exploited images through his beginning attempts at commercialism. He knew what sold to society, whether he agreed with it or not. He continued on with simplified pop art and he made it famous. He is the person most people think about when pop art is mentioned. Through his advertising projects, he was conditioned to think only in glorification of people, products, and style. One of his popular works, the silkscreen of the Campbells Soup Can, is an example of this. It is an image that everyone is familiar with, and it is so common that sometimes it is overlooked. Many times, Andy took something simple and glorified it. This is how he made his designing skills useful in promotion. One would compare Warhol to the pictorial hyper-realism of Norman Rockwell, and to the surrealism of Marcel Duchamp, and the radicalism of Jasper Johns Sagan 1. A second major influence in Andy Warhols life is his participation in the underground film scene. It started in 1963, when he called himself the recorder of society around him Moritz 590. He would find people for his movies in a club-type warehouse called Maxs Kansas City. Every night, celebrities of art, fashion, music, and underground film-making crowds gathered in the back corners of Maxs to try their chance at working with Warhol. In 1968, he was nearly killed by a woman who was in one of his short films. She shot him on the side of his chest, but fortunately he was not killed. He still continued to make films; such famous ones are Eat, Haircut, Sleep, Kiss, and Empire. He would make them boring on purpose to possibly prove a point. Again it was glorifying something thought of as being extremely pointless. In the late 70s he began to use sex and nudity, featuring films concerning sexual bondage. He may have been simply looking for a shock value content. Many artists work off shock value, it takes only the true to admit it and still continue with it. The last and most important influence on Warhol was his mother, Julia Warhola. When Andy first arrived in New York, he would share apartments with friends and acquaintances. Eventually he could afford a place of his own. Then his mother suddenly arrived in town and moved in with him. Her reason was to look after him. She would constantly keep an eye out for a wife for Andy. Little did she know he was interested in the opposite sex for marriage. Andy appreciated his mother, and never wanted to explain how she had an impact on him. Maybe it was the fact that she meant well, and tried her hardest to take care of him. She lived with him on 89th Street and Lexington Avenue until 1971. By then, suffering from senility, she required constant care and Andy sent her back to Pittsburgh to be cared for by his two brothers, John and Paul. After suffering a stroke, she died in her nursing home in 1972. Andy did not except the fact too kindly. He would even go as far to say his mother was doing fine, when people would ask about her, even though she had already passed away. Andy stayed quiet and tried to hide himself from the rest of society. He would avoid emotional interaction as much as he could. .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .postImageUrl , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:hover , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:visited , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:active { border:0!important; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:active , .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41 .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e8a650436e7ac6f8302df14ebd4de41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination And Sloth The Spice Of Life? EssayHe did this so he could shrink away from human touch Moritz 591. A man who started his life shy and uncomfortable, blossomed into an outspoken artist, now finished his life with feelings even worse than the beginning of his life. After extensive research I found that Andy had much more to his life than I had originally expected. He was involved in the classic rock band The Velvet Underground, with famous singer Lou Reed. He actually even designed a few of the album covers. Most people remember the self-entitled album with the picture of a banana on it. Directly to the left of the banana read the words peel me. If one would peel it, it would reveal the pink insides of a banana. Truly a work of Andy, I must say. Another thing I found was that Andy was not only homosexual, but he was omnisexual. It was rumored he had no problem with sex with anyone or anything. Men, women, animals, you name it, it was probably thought of. And last of all I found he was unusually kind and appreciative to others, especially the ones who worked for him. Pat Hackett, his editor, once said that she has never met a person who says thank you as much as Andy does. Not once have I been more informed on a persons life. In the beginning I thought I knew a lot about. This research on Andy Warhol definitely reinforced my positive view of him. It may have possibly enhanced my appreciation for him as well. I enjoyed the honesty of the entire diary. Nothing was hidden from the reader and I felt as informed as a good friend of his would feel. His life is an interesting one and I believe more people should try to investigate other lives of the unusual. It expands your own viewpoints to accept those of others. Many critics have different viewpoints on Warhols autobiography. He was still appreciated by those who understood his ideas. But he had to have had some sense of history, or he wouldnt have left the diaries behind to try to explain everything to future generations Plagens 1732. Some realize that the diaries are rather boring, but seem to see the true Andy come through in the entries. Despite their virtuoso triviality, their naive snobbery and their incredible length, the diaries are not without a certain charm Amis 1732. Others saw the diaries as a simplistic record of events. His diaries are more or less just records of who went where and did what with whom, that anybody else whod been along could have kept Plagens 1732. Its too bad he didnt start the diaries earlier in his life, such as the 60s, when it would have been more interesting to know what he did and whom he was with, instead of waiting until 1976 to begin Plagens 1732. Some even complained of the editing job done by Pat H ackett. One problem with the diaries is their postmodern polish, such as the casual proofreading and editing Trebay 1732. The reason the editor didnt fit up to par was the mere fact she wanted it to sound how Andy explained the day. still the book is great social history with its lip-smacking tales of loveless, sexless marriages, its gimlet-eyed view of other peoples success, and its rampant unclosetings Trebay 1732. I, myself, found the book very entertaining and a great nonchalant look at the famous and their everyday lives. It may have been organized better and condensed a bit, but none-the-less it was still interesting and kept me reading.

Evolution of Management Essays

Evolution of Management Essays Evolution of Management Essay Evolution of Management Essay The Evolution of Management Management thinking and practice have evolved over the last century as a result of increased understanding of human and organisational behaviour, the economic climate and historical context and the changes in generations over time. However if we’re really honest, much of what we practice today is due to the consulting industry playing on executives’ fears and aspirations by selling products and services that cause more problems than solutions, and our own human weakness of always looking for a quick fix †¦ even to very complex issues.It’s time to rethink Management. But before we do that, let’s take a look in the rear-view mirror and see how we got to where we are today: 1910s-1940s: Management as Science Management as Science was developed in the early 20th century and focused on increasing productivity and efficiency through standardisation, division of labour, centralisation and hierarchy. A very ‘top down’ management with strict control over people and processes dominated across industries. 1950s-1960s: Functional OrganisationsDue to growing and more complex organisations, the 1950’s and 1960’s saw the emergence of functional organisations and the Human Resource (HR) movement. Managers began to understand the human factor in production and productivity and tools such as goal setting, performance reviews and job descriptions were born. 1970s: Strategic Planning In the 1970’s we changed our focus from measuring function to resource allocation and tools like Strategic Planning (GE), Growth Share Matrix (BCG) and SWOT were used to formalise strategic planning processes.After several decades of ‘best practice’ and ‘one size fits all’ solutions, academics began to developing contingency theories. 1980s: Competitive Advantage As the business environment grew increasingly competitive and connected, and with a blooming management consultancy indus try, Competitive Advantage became a priority for organisations in the 1980’s. Tools like Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma and Lean were used to measure processes and improve productivity. Employees were more involved by collecting data, but ecisions were still made at the top, and goals were used to manage people and maintain control. 1990s: Process Optimisation Benchmarking and business process reengineering became popular in the 1990’s, and by the middle of the decade, 60% of Fortune 500 companies claimed to have plans for or have already initiated such projects. TQM, Six Sigma and Lean remained popular and a more holistic, organisation-wide approach and strategy implementation took the stage with tools such as Strategy Maps and Balance Scorecards. 2000s: Big DataLargely driven by the consulting industry under the banner of Big Data, organisations in the 2000’s started to focus on using technology for growth and value creation. Meanwhile, oversaturati on of existing market space drove to concepts such as Blue Ocean Strategy and Value Innovation. It’s 2013. Globalisation, advances in technology and increased diversity have put organisational challenges into hyper drive. Despite the inspirational stories we read about companies like Zappos, Innocent Drinks and Google, the truth is that most of us are using out-dated management practices and failing to get the most out of our people.Not convinced? Consider this: 65% of people are unhappy at work, only 14% understand their company’s strategy, and 75% are seeking jobs as we speak. Now, what do you think that does for your bottom line? How we lead our people and how we solve problems and innovate, are some of the most important aspects of Management to get right. In our research, we’ve therefore looked specifically at two aspects of Management throughout history, and how these will develop in the future (Figure 1): 1. Management Approach: the style of top managemen t, ranging from: a.Control (i. e. your boss tells you what to do and how to do it). b. Set Goals (i. e. your boss sets goals and expectations, but you have more freedom with regards to how you achieve them). c. Inspire (i. e. your boss gives you scope and freedom to innovate on both the what and the how). 2. Approach to Innovation / Problem Solving: how leaders solve strategic problems and develop new products and services. This ranged from: a. Top Down (i. e. solutions are created and come from the top) b. Top Down with Bottom Up Data (i. e. he rest of the organisation contributes information and experiences, but solutions are still created at the top). c. Participatory (i. e. solutions are created collaboratively, and throughout the organisational levels). After a century of trying to control people, processes and information, we have come to a point in organisational history where we need to recognise that what worked before just simply isn’t enough anymore. Traditional Ma nagement is fine if you want compliance, but if you want innovation and growth, you need to engage your people on a whole new level. Top down control is a thing of the past.Succeeding in today’s environment requires a management style that inspires and is participatory. Over the next couple of weeks I will discuss the future of organisations, and what it really takes to increase value creation, innovation and employee engagement in today’s business environment. : * Planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling are functions of -. * - is concerned with policy making while is concerned with implementation of policy. The process of dividing authority and responsibility among executive is called the creation of . * was the founder of scientific management movement. | | Human relations movementElton Mayo, who is considered to be the founder of human relations movement, and his associates, conducted the Hawthorne Studies in the Hawthorne plant of Western Electri c Company, USA during1927-1932. They stated that the employees’ morale had a great influence on productivity and the manager should treat them as social beings instead of economic beings or simply as cogs of a wheel.For solving any management problem, the manager should understand group attitudes and psychology, as employees are members of a group. His approach and theory emphasized the importance of human and social factors and also individual as well as group relationships, while the classical theory of Taylor and Fayol gave importance to job content and management of physical resources. This theory served to focus attention on the social side of the work and man, as opposed to the economical and technical aspects.This theory is also criticized on the ground that there is no direct connection between morale and productivity, hence the research in Hawthorne plant had a management bias, and that the samples were too small. In spite of these criticisms, the contribution of hum an relations remains and are being applied even today by managers. | | MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES| | BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE MOVEMENT:   The behavioral science approach through its research studies of individual behavior and motivation indicated that the elation between morale and productivity was oversimplified and there was no direct or deep connection between morale and productivity. Behavioral science experts made a further refinement of human relations movement and also covered a much wider scope in interpersonal roles and relationships. The behavioral science movement which started after 1940 emphasized the importance of individuals and their interpersonal relationship, psychology of the individuals as related to personal needs and motivation and motivational potential in people.The important contributors to the behavioral science movement are A. Maslow, F. Hertzberg, V. Vroom and D. McGregor. While Maslow developed a need hierarchy to explain human behavior within an organizat ion, Hertzberg and Vroom developed motivational models, which explained the causes of human behavior and motivation in business. Behavioral science movement has drawn heavily on the work of Maslow to explain human behavior and the dynamics of motivation process. McGregor developed his two theories, viz. , Theory X and Y and also explained certain basic assumptions about the human element.The classical theory reflected almost all the aspects of Theory X while the behavioral approach theory of management reflected almost all the aspects of Theory Y. ELEMENTS OF NEO-CLASSICAL THEORIES :  This theory may be stated as follows. It may be noted here that the theories started by Taylor and Fayol are called by some writers as  Classical theories  while the theories sated by the human relations movement and the behavioral science movement are called  neo- Classical theories. Henri Fayol, the father of principles of management, has classified managerial functions as follows: a.Planning , including forecasting, b. Organizing c. Commanding d. Coordinating, and e. Controlling. A brief description of the various functions of management is given in the next unit. | | LET US SUM UP| | In this unit we have learnt about the meaning and importance of management and its various implementations in different fields. Concept of management has become universal and no organization can survive without it. Management consists of getting things done through others by directing their efforts in an integrated and coordinated manner for achievement of business objectives.It is a process consisting of  Ã‚   functions such as planning, organizing, actuating and controlling the business operations in such a manner as to attain predetermined goals. The evolution of management thought can be classified into three stages, viz, (i) pre-scientific management period, (ii) early management approaches represented by scientific management, process management and human relation management and (i ii) modern management approaches represented by behavioral science movement, quantitative approach, social system approaches etc. Each of these approaches has made a distinctive contribution to management theory. |

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things Most people  only spend 8 hours per day at work. If you work 5  days a week, that’s 40 hours. Even if your job is super intense and you’re working 60-80 hour weeks, you still have hours and hours of time to yourself. Okay, you have to spend a lot of that sleeping- that’s important. But in the hours of leisure time left to you, there are things you could be doing to vastly improve your future. Rather than just blowing all those hours on happy hours and Netflix, why not try spending an hour a day doing these 5 things and see what happens? 1. Make your evenings matterDon’t just rely on your working hours to gain skills and knowledge and make your career magic happen. Try doing a little bit each day off the clock that will help you advance in your career, not just get your daily job tasks done. Take online classes, develop new skills, practice and master old ones. Keep pushing yourself to learn more and do more and you’ll be amazed at how much faste r you advance at work.2. Read moreIt almost doesn’t matter what you’re reading. Keeping the habit, taking in knowledge, considering other points of view- all of this makes you more interesting and interested in the world around you. One hour spent learning about a new topic makes you that much closer to being respected by your boss and peers as â€Å"in the know.† Plus, the benefits to your general knowledge and vocabulary will be palpable.3. Side projectsIf your company won’t give you the opportunity to take your new skills and interests for a test spin, try volunteering. Find a way to have practical expression of what you’re learning so it can really start to translate into workable results. If nothing else, these side hobbies and projects will help keep you feeling fulfilled.4. Build your networkEven if you just spend 10 minutes a day maintaining your contacts, reach out, participate in conversations on social media or LinkedIn, and pursue new o nes. You’ll start to see a major difference and that work will really pay off when you need to rely on your network to change jobs or take your career to the next level.5. Start nowDon’t start this next week- or after the holidays. Start tonight. Don’t put off what can become such an ingrained habit that you hardly realize it is a chore you’ve set yourself.If you can get to the point where you are doing these 5 things naturally? You’ll be well on your way to actualizing your success.

Capital Expenditure Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Expenditure Analysis - Research Paper Example Is this a good investment There are four calculations one could use to answer this question: (1) payback, (2) discounted cash flow, (3) internal rate of return, and (4) opportunity cost. But before one could make these calculations, two other sets of information are needed. First, the alternative financing schemes for the project are identified: (1) all equity, (2) all-debt, or (3) a combination of debt and equity. Second, the following variables need to be determined: (1) discount rate, (2) inflation rate, (3) risk-free rate of return, and (4) loan rate. An important set of assumptions can also be made: taxes, depreciation, and the costs of improvements and operations would be disregarded in this first stage of evaluating the alternatives. An all-equity purchase means the property will be paid for in cash from personal savings or investments. In this option, the buyer withdraws $360,000 from savings or puts together one or more investors (friends or relatives) to pay the property owner this amount. An all-debt purchase means borrowing the full amount of $360,000 from the bank at a certain loan interest rate. One problem is finding a bank willing to lend the full amount of the property, not impossible given the way property prices are rising, but neither easy. The other is getting a loan maturity of five years or more to coincide with the sale date for the property. The mixed option combines savings/investments and a loan. The buyer can combine $100,000 of his money with $100,000 from a friend and borrow $160,000 from the bank. Deciding the right equity-debt mix is tricky depending on the loan rate and whether the rate is fixed or adjustable (usually annually), because rising rates would affect the cash flow. Variables There are four variables to be inputted into the formulas for the investment analysis. The (1) discount rate, which reflects the time value of money, is needed for discounted cash flow calculations. The (2) risk-free and (3) inflation rates are needed for opportunity cost calculations. We also need the risk-free rate and the (4) loan rate for the discounted cash flow and internal rate of return analysis as these affect the cash flow. The risk-free rate is the rate of return of a risk-free investment such as a Treasury Note or Bond, and acts as the benchmark for banks and businessmen in determining whether a project is worth the risk of the investment. If a risky investment gives the same return as the risk-free rate, it would not be attractive as an investor would expect to be compensated for higher investment risk. Looking at the updated statistics in the latest issue of The Economist (2007: 105), the risk-free rate, using the return for five-year Treasury Notes, ranges from 4.9% to 6.4%. The inflation rate is important because it "eats up" the value of money. If an investment gives only a return equal to the risk-free rate, the investor ends up losing money due to inflation. Therefore, the inflation rate has to be included in calculating the discount rate to ensure that the calculations take inflation into account. The table shows inflation ranging from 2.4% to 2.7%. The loan rate is the annual interest a bank charges from borrowers and may differ for each bank depending on several factors that are complex to enumerate. However, the loan rate is normally close to or between the discount and risk-free rates because loans are risky for banks (so they expect higher returns) but should not be too high to discourage borrowing. Since banks get their funds from depositors willing to accept

Asssigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Asssigment - Essay Example The management regularly deducts the pension contributions from the employee’s salaries. Another pension plan version occurs when the company contributes the entire amount to a lump sum pension fund account. Consequently, the employee can select a plan that generates a higher retirement benefit return. Investing in a riskier pension fund will increase retirement benefit returns. The employee can also choose another plan where the investments are funneled into a safer fund that generates a lesser benefit return (Kieso et al., 2006). Additionally, the employee can choose to receive the retirement amount in one lump amount or the employee can decide to receive the retirement amount in equal monthly installment amounts. The second method allows the retiree to receive the monthly retirement benefits throughout one’s lifetime (Kieso et al, 2006, p. 1244). Funding principles. The fund is also classified as a plan. The fund entity is a separate agency that manages companiesâ₠¬â„¢ pension plans. The fund entity receives the money invested by the company. When the employee retires, the fund company distributes the pension and other retirement benefits. The employer contributes to the pension fund and generates earnings. The employee receives benefits as pension fund recipients. The fund agency accumulates the employers’ contributions as either contributory or noncontributory (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1244). Defined benefit plan. The defined benefit plan includes the amount of benefits that the employees will receive when they decide or are forced to retire. The state requires that employees are mandatorily required to retire when they reach a certain age. The company allocates a regular amount for the employees’ retirement benefit plan. The benefits are based on the employee’s total pension fund contributions. Likewise, the retirement amounts are based on the salaries of the employees. Employees with higher salaries will receive higher pension retirement benefits when compared to the salaries of the lower ranking line and staff employees (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1211). Defined contribution plans. Under this plan, the employer contributes a regular amount to the pension trust. A formula is used to decide the monthly contributions. The formula incorporates the number of years of the employee’s work, the company’s business profits, and the salary. The plan indicates the amount that the employers will contribute to the plan. However, the plan does not indicate the amount that the employees will receive as retirement benefits. An example is the 401 (k) plan (Kieso et al., 2006, p. 1244). Pension fund allocation. In terms of the formulation, different companies allocate different pension expense amounts for different pension fund budgets. During 2009, General Motor’s $98,527 pension fund required a $3,405 pension expense. During 2009, the Coca Cola Company’s $3,032 pension fund amounts require d a $218 pension expense budget. During the same accounting period, the Merck company’s $10,835 pension fund needed a $407 pension fund expense (Kieso et al., 2009, p. 1211). Components of pension expense. In terms of formulation, accounting for pension funds entails allocating the cost of the retirement funds to the appropriate accounting period. The service cost forms a part of the pension expense total. The interest on the liability should be added

Nation of Kurds Essay Example for Free

Nation of Kurds Essay The challenges revolving around deeper political, cultural and societal understanding has been one of the tenets surrounding ethnic conflict. With the diversity of cultures around the world, the creation of norms and practices among dominant groups often creates a clash among members of the minority – ethnic groups which in turn necessitates into conflicting ideals and values. Thus, the process of ethnic conflict occurs during the eventual analysis of how groups view the current status quo as a barrier for their practices and norms. Defining Ethnic Conflict In defining ethnic conflict, various scholars have come up with various interpretations on as to how such problem emanates. Due to the variety of conflicts and problems created by the said incident, creating a standardized definition would only broaden the scope of such area. Seeing this, various approaches have been made and created several theoretical bases for the explanation of the realm of ethnicity. Seeing this, it may be right to define ethnic conflict to be â€Å"particular kind of such disputes about political, economic, social, cultural or territorial issues between two or more actors in which at least one of them is an ethnic group that defines causes, consequences and potential solutions of the conflict along an actual or perceived discriminating or otherwise distinctive ethnic divide† (Wolff, 2006). The creation of such conflicting patterns necessitates groups to conduct violent means to address the issue and change the status quo. â€Å"Given the lack of agreement on both substance and process, parties tend to turn very often and easily to force-based options, because force seems to be the only common language that both sides understand and honor† (FPDL, 2006). In the end, there is a need for dialogue to cater better understanding and create necessities for change. â€Å"The potential of conflict to generate learning, stimulate creativity and deepen relationships is realized only if we are able to understand its underlying causes and to mutually recognize and respect each other right to address own needs† (FPDL, 2006). The Kurds: A brief historical review The Kurdish people in general are relatively large in number and comprise of various settlements living in various countries. â€Å"In 1987, estimates suggested that probably numbering close to 16 million Kurds, inhabits the wide arc from eastern Turkey and the northwestern part of Syria through Soviet Azerbaijan and Iraq to the northwest of the Zagros Mountains in Iran, represented the population of what has been referred to as Kurdistan† (Global Security.org, 2008). Kurdish movement in various places in the world can be attributed to many factors that have been evident in history. These significant events have been significant in migration of Kurds in different countries and societies. These examples â€Å"such as the failure and collapse of the Mehabad Republic in 1946, collapse of the movement in Southern Kurdistan in 1975, the use of chemical weapons by the Iraqi government against Halabja, Badinan and other areas of Iraqi Kurdistan, and the refugee exodus from there after the uprising and aftermath of the Second Gulf War in 1991† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.1) Throughout history, the Kurdish people have sought for independence and the recognition as a national entity. However, all the bloody revolts that have been made were all in jeopardy as no movements have ever been successful in the practice. â€Å"Some of the frequent Kurdish revolts in the twentieth century have sought autonomy; others avowedly aimed at complete independence in a sovereign state† (Harris, 1977, p.113). In the end, such events catapulted the rise of many conflicts among neighboring states. This in turn ended up in the escalation of violence and conflict within the region. Inter-ethnic conflict The process of inter-ethnic conflict among the Kurds can be seen in their neighbors such as Iraq and Turkey. On the other hand, there are also incidents of conflict in the Southern Kurdistan and mainly involves the Iraqi KDP and KDPI. â€Å"Among the most obvious types of inter-ethnic conflicts are those that have taken place between the Kurds and the majority ethnic groups i.e. the Arabs and their power elites, since the establishment of the state of Iraq in the 1920’s and their inclusion into the state against the will of their own majority† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.2) Conflict against neighbors Similarly, occurrence of conflict can also be cited by Kurds against several states bordering the region; namely Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq. These conflicts primarily occur due to the intervention of these states in the country’s political affairs and clashes with other ethnic groups. Kurdistan geographical position became an instrument for several states to equally pursue their interest over such region. This is done by â€Å"supporting one or the other party in the competition for power and resources, by inciting incidents of disagreements and war, and by luring one or the other party with false promises and temptations† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.3) On the other hand, the same situation applies for Kurdish movements. They in turn are guaranteed support only to realize in the end that they become just pawns in the overall plans of each neighboring state. â€Å"The Kurdish movements, too, due to their consideration for their own sectarian interests only, rather than those of the Kurdish nation as a whole, become an easy prey to these cynical games of medieval power politics by the governments of these regional states† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.3) In the end, the welfare of placed under jeopardy due to such interference and intervention of other states. Creating Solutions Seeing this, there are varied solutions practiced and suggested to improve the current scenario of ethnic conflict within the region. Neutral states can act as both mediators and negotiators in the peace talk’s process between two competing parties. â€Å"Strong mediation by forceful negotiations from the United States and Europe might be able to convince the two Kurdish parties in Iraqi Kurdistan and to return to a peaceful process with formation of a wider new coalition government and holding a new democratic elections under international supervision† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.3). Economic benefits may be included in the talks so as to encourage parties and states to comply. With the help of international organizations such as the UN, the process can effectively create confidence-building measures and improvements in the region torn by continued conflict and violence. â€Å"A lifting of UN sanctions on Iraqi Kurdistan together with an increased package for economic aid will certainly influence the parties towards more cooperative relations because they will become more self reliant and escape influence from Iraq, Turkey, and Iran as a result of sanction busting along their borders along their borders for customs duties† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.3). Lastly, peacekeeping solutions can be enforced and help create a better democratic society. In addition, there needs to be an active involvement among groups who partake in the process to create a civil society that addresses the concerns of these ethnic groups. With the â€Å"establishment of interest groups and institutions for the advancement and strengthening of a civil society together with institutions for the preservation of human rights and respect the rule of law together with well trained cadres in conflict resolution would further enhance cooperative relations within Kurdish society† (Sheikhmous, 1998, p.4). References FPDL (2006) What is Ethnic Conflict. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:-wSNN0zz3F8J:www.fpdl.ro/WHAT_IS_ETHNIC_CONFLICT_EN.doc+defining+ethnic+conflicthl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph Global Security.org (2008) Kurdistan – Kurdish Conflict. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kurdistan.htm Harris, G.S. (1977) Ethnic Conflict and the Kurds in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 433. Retrieved July 14, 2008. pp. 112-124. Sheikhmous, O. (1998) Factors for Cooperation and Conflict in Southern Kurdistan. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http://www.aina.org/articles/sheikhmous.pdf Wolff, S. (2006) Ethnic Conflict and How to explain It: An Overview of Relevant Theories Defining Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:yMs7ugglbUEJ:www.stefanwolff.com/teaching/ethnic-conflict/downloads/lecture-1-notes.doc+defining+ethnic+conflicthl=tlct=clnkcd=7gl=ph

Essay --

Brooke Johnson Russ Tallchief Comp 1 T 530-800 18 February 2014 When I Grow Up I started showing an interest in nursing when I was about six years old, from all the stories my aunt told about being a Registered Nurse. When Greys Anatomy began airing in 2005, I decided I wanted to be like all those doctors. I wanted to wear the scrubs, and have a bunch of interns that listened to every word I spoke and always did as I said. Of course, I never knew then that by 19 years old, I would actually be attending college and majoring in nursing. As high school seniors we sat through plenty of lectures about choosing a major and a university. I think that was when I really decided I wanted to eventually become a Registered Nurse and major in nursing. Once I decided what I wanted to major in, I began thinking about specialties. There are hundreds of different specialties you could choose from, such as: Cardiac Care Nurse, Health Policy Nurse, Genetics Nurse, Forensic Nurse, Toxicology Nurse, School Nurse, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, and many more. Out of all of the specialties I could have chosen I decided to become a PNP, which stands for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner. I know the steps you have to take to become a Registered Nurse, but I would like to know information about becoming a PNP. In the research I have done, I have found out a lot of stuff I did not know before which has made me even more excited to become a Pediatric Nurse. A Pediatric Nurse is a nurse for infants all the way up to 17 year olds. Once you turn 18, you no longer go to a pediatric doctor/nurse since at 18 years of age you are legally considered an adult. â€Å"A Pediatric Nurse Practitioner is a professional nurse trained to recognize differences between adults ... ...leted it should not be overly difficult to find a job. I will finally be helping children and families, like I have dreamed of doing since I was little. â€Æ' Works Cited Bomhak, Terri. Registered Nurse. Telephone. 15 February 2014. Rodgers, Chelsea. Pulmonology Nurse. Personnel Interview. 19 February 2014. "Degree Requirements: Bachelor of Science." School of Nursing. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. . Greenwood, Beth. "Facts About Pediatric Nurse Practitioners." Chron. Demand Media, 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. . "Nurse Practitioner Programs." Nurse Practitioner Programs. N.p., 07 Nov. 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. .

Comparison Italy vs Spain in Crisis

Comparison Spain vs. Italy Similarities * Left-centred coalition government * Member of the EU * Low birth rate * High immigration * Declining competitiveness * Latin, Mediterranean (used to take siestas), highly emotional citizens * High costs, low productivity firms (likely to be overtaken by Chinese competition) * Low spending on R&D * Poor educational system Differences * Italy has a high black economy, Spain does not (tax deficits for Italy) * Spain: monarchy and democratic * Italy: republic Corruption percentage index (Italy: 6. 5 and Spain 4. 8) * Unemployment rate (Italy: 10. 7% Spain: 25. 1%) How did Italy and Spain become struggling economies? Spain * Real estate crash Nearly every Spanish representative did heavily investments in the real estate market. So there was an illegal connection between reforms undertaken and unnecessary low interest rates concerning the housing sector in their own interest. Cajas, which are semi-public banks, are the most involved banks, whic h lenthuge amounts of money to the real estate sector.Those real estate companies went bankrupt. This was followed by a huge price increase of housing done by the cajas, since they needed to get their money back. * Increase in unemployment * Huge trade deficit (increasing oil prices, lack of resources) * High inflation rate (caused by real estate price increase and family indebtedness increase) Italy * High governmental debt (118% of GDP) * Very difficult to start businesses -> high bureaucracy and sluggish justice system * Very weak economy Weak investment, elderly population, poor regulations (->less increase in productivity) * Very low annual growth rate (lower than the rate of interest it pays) -> causes a huge governmental debt * Due to a bad outlook and insecurities of Italy the interest rate increased tremendously for Italy * If nobody will lend to Italy, then Italy cannot repay its debts. And if Italy cannot repay its debts, then nobody will lend to it. (Vicious cir cle) What procedures did the government do to decrease the effects of the crisis? Italy * Monti tries to boost growth in Italy â‚ ¬10 billion of savings should be reinvested to boost growth * New policy: reduced tax to encourage firms to hire women and young workers * Full-scale liberalisation of shopping hours (to stimulate consumer spending) * â‚ ¬3. 8 billion for infrastructure projects (to attract FDI) Spain: * Restructuring Spain’s banking sector A lot of small and weak banks have had to merge by larger banks. This caused a job loss by 11% in this sector. Bankia, Spain's fourth-largest bank is now part nationalised this caused a huge governmental money spending to save the bank. * RecessionTo get help from the market (borrowing funds) would be too cost intensive (high interest rates). So Spain had to ask for financial help at euro members. So far Spain does not want a full bailout or rescue, to avoid another increase in interest rates and close supervision of the S panish finance system. So far the government decided for: a 12% average cut in ministerial spending, freeze in public sector pay for the third consecutive year, new independent authority to monitor government finances, increase in pensions, new 20% tax on lottery wins, new car scrappage scheme. Ms Saenz de Santamaria said that efforts to close the government's deficit would focus more on spending-cuts than tax rises. * The only areas of spending to increase in 2013 would be pensions, student scholarships and interest payments. (to calm the Spanish citizen) * Government tries to reduce the deficit to 6. 3% of the GDP this year. *BUT, government said that tax revenues will be higher than budgeted for this year, so they are expected to increase by a further 3. 8% in 2013. Analysis – Spain * Since the big real estate bubble was mostly caused by the government and politicians, they also should help Spain to overcome the crisis. Spain’s rescue plan so far is to cut governmen tal spending and reduce taxes. This should stimulate consumer spending, which will help the market to get in a better flow again. At the other hand by requesting a potential bailout plan from the EU, Spain makes its citizens and its potential investors highly insecure. The potential bailout plan indicates that Spain is not able to overcome the crisis by itself and herewith no foreign investors and no loans out of the market with acceptable interest rates will be further available for Spain. At the moment Spain cannot come out of the crisis by itself. Due to this, help will be needed. As mentioned above, Spain already requested a potential bailout plan, which is not yet requested by the Spanish government, to prevent an increase in interest rates and a strict observation and regulation of the Spanish governmental actions. * It is inevitable that Spain quickly decides about a crisis plan, which should be strictly followed for the next years. * In my opinion Spain needs to use a bailou t package to save its banking sector.By this action, the government would show its citizens, who are mostly unemployed and highly indebted, that it takes actions to get Spain out of the crisis. The government already tried to be more neoliberal by not intervening a lot and just helping the banking sector out by providing financial rescue help („lightâ€Å" bailout). This financial aid did not solve the problem in depth. At this point of time the Spanish population needs security provided by the government to become more active again. * It will be a difficult procedure to intervene with more cuts and reforms.Many reforms will touch the welfare state, such as pensions, education and health. * A further intervention would probably cause a further erosion of popular support for the EU and might lead to a formation of a new-formed government lead by technocrats. * BUT: Spain needs more jobs, to decrease its high unemployment rate. * To achieve that, the government should subsidize firms, which create jobs for Spanish citizens. Also Spanish government already took over its biggest bank, this could be a start to get control over important and big institutions, in connection with job creation. Spain should provide a mixture of private businesses, which receive subsidies if they create new jobs and state owned or partly owned firms to control the issue of unemployment better. * More employment and lower taxes would then stimulate the consumer spending, which would be followed by a highly stimulated and profitable economy.* Now it is the turn of the government to spend more and reduce taxes as long as the private sector is ready to take the economy forward (Keynesian theory) * If the Spanish economy and the market cools down FDI will continue to come in, which is also a positive fact. As far the market is not as ttractive for foreign investors, the government could also create subvention plans for them. * I am positive about Spain’s FDI future, since Spain is located in the gateway to the Mediterranean, North Africa and Latin America, its labour market provides young and qualified workers, so far the VAT and the Corporate Tax rebate system is relatively low in comparison to the other EU countries. (FDI is a very important source for Spain, it counts for 44% of its GDP, and 7% of employment) Analysis Italy * After Adam Smith every country should specialize in the sector where its competitive advantage is the biggest.But in the case of Spain and Italy there is no huge competitive advantage in a certain sector. So I would propose the theory of David Ricardo. He suggested focusing on a comparative advantage, which means that less efficient countries can still benefit from free trade if they export those products where they have the least productivity disadvantage. * In order to overcome governmental debt, the Italian government cut governmental spending, froze on public-salaries and stopped tax increases. * It also reformed the labour ma rket to overcome the high unemployment rate. Those actions were all caused by the government, which leads to the assumption that the government holds the control over all future market actions. (Keynesian approach) * The Italian government also plans a new structure of the tax system that includes a greater level of control concerning tax evasion. The tax structure is going to be more growth friendly, which includes diverting income from the wealthy to the lower paid citizen, this should increase the consumer spending. (Keynesian approach) -> Stimulating consumer spending leads to Porters Diamond Italy after 1945 again.The Demand Conditions, which were very sophisticated in Italy, should be improved again. * In April 2012, the government proposed a labour market reform. This reform needs to be adopted as soon as possible to overcome Italy? s competitive loss with trade partners. (->Improve competitiveness) * The government also introduced fiscal incentives focusing on the empl oyment of women (action on childcare and elderly care facilities). Elderly Italian women are forced to find work since the pensionable age will rise by five years between 2012 and 2018. ->Fostering employment) ->Factor Conditions after Porter Diamond * Another beneficial step for SMEs the government took is that companies can exclude the notional return on new injections of equity capital from taxable income. This will increase the size of firms of SMEs and investments in innovation. Italy? s economic strength lies in processing and manufacturing goods of SMEs. (->Governmental investment and policies to increase the international competition of Italy) -> Porter Diamond-Related Supporting Industries * The government also forms policies to financially help SMEs at their R&D division.This will trigger firm- specific advantages, which can be useful for Italy? s USP at the global market. (New Trade Theory, Dunning)Bibliography Online Sources for Spain: http://www. bbc. co . uk/news/business-16290598, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-17549970, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-19733995, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. ibtimes. com/can-mariano-rajoy-save-spain-its-financial-crisis-797237, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/financialcrisis/9549245/Debt-crisis-politicians-drive-bank-union-but-markets-focus-on-Spain. html, retrieved 22. 10. 2 http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/bad90798-07f4-11e2-9df2-00144feabdc0. html#axzz2AK2iKiR2, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://sizemoreletter. com/spains-new-austerity-plan-what-does-it-mean/, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. presstv. ir/detail/2012/09/02/259497/spain-calls-for-key-action-for-euro-crisis/, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-07-24/spain-debt-costs-seen-unfounded-after-berlin-crisis-talks. html, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://www. economywatch. com/world_economy/spain/export-import. html, retrieved 22. 10. 12 http://ecfr . eu/content/entry/commentary_the_eurocrisis_a_spanish_perspective, retrieved 22. 10. 12

Paul Rand’s Works in Relation to the New York School Essay

One of the most influential figures in American graphic design who had the exploration on the formal expressions of the European avant-garde art movements and had the development on only one of its kind and predominantly American graphic style which has the characteristics of being simple, witty and problem-solving rational approaches is Paul Rand. His major influences are on design consultation and of course in developing identity systems and logos for most important corporations such as IBM, Westinghouse, United Parcel Service, American Broadcasting Co. and NeXt Computer. Due to his revolutionary novelty in design, typography and graphic design Paul Rand’s works were easily recognized during the early twenties. His prominence in advocacy of employing a wide diversity of techniques such as typography, painting, collage, photography, and montage create a mixture of elements in production of a unique and modern visual image in his works in posters, magazine cover designs or corporate logo or identity design (Logo Designers 2007). As with the informal group of American poets, painters, dancers and musicians who were active during 1950s to 1960s in New York City which is called the New York School, it was synonymous with the abstract expressionist painting. They drew inspiration from Surrealism which features elements of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions also with the contemporary avant-garde movements considering by some to be a hallmark of modernism. Paul Rand was able to synchronize different techniques in different designs coming up innovation and excellence. With his typography, having the elements of balance, uniformity and equilibrium of spacing, he had successfully merged modern typography and nineteenth-century engravings presenting both visual and technical content. For a creation to be aesthetically appealing, Paul Rand never forgets the most common element which is simplicity. He was not afraid to break away from the conventional standards of typography and layout during the 1940s and used Swiss style in incorporating designs into his creations and experimented with other designs such as Cubism, Constructivism, the Bahaus, De Stijl and other modes of modern art with integration of different modes of art and styles into American visual culture. Like the New York School, Paul Rand’s attempt to be rebellious on the techniques and contemporary designs for his creations paved way to more accepting and recognizing designs. He became the standards in creating corporate logos having modernity, simplicity and ease of recognition. By pushing the boundaries to get the acceptance of being the norm or the status quo, principally in the cultural dominion works that are innovative or experimental will have a great response and effect to art, culture and politics. It does not basically focus on art but also with the other factors and considerations around the environment. Being philosophical, politically and socially aware made the New York School and Paul Rand as great contributors not just in the world of art and visuals but also with the total concern they had manifested in their works and what they had left for us. It is best to understand different techniques and take risks to make the most out of them. But what is most important is the fact that these techniques come from conventional and modern ideologies concerning different issues that are facing the community and the society itself. Paul Rand and the New York School link modernism and contemporary ideas.

Osmosis and Movement of solute essays

Osmosis and Movement of solute essays In order to fully understand the movement of particles across a membrane, one must be knowledgeable of basic concepts concerning diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion can be defined as solutes moving an area having a high concentration to an area having a lower concentration. Diffusion is the outcome of the constant, random motion is the outcome of the constant, random motion of solutes. The Random Thermal Motion (RTM) theory states that particles are constantly taking on and giving off energy. Because osmotically active particles move randomly they move from higher to lower concentration. As concentration increases, the rate of this movement increases. Just as concentration decreases, the rate decreases. Temperature is also a factor that influences the movement of molecules. As temperature increases the rate increases and as temperature decreases the rate also decreases. When at equilibrium, the net movement of solutes no longer undergoes this movement but the random motion cont inues. A concentration gradient also plays a role in controlling diffusion. A concentration gradient can be described as the difference in concentrations between a solvent and a solute. Diffusion, along with osmosis, move down, a concentration gradient from higher to lower. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. This membrane is relatively impermeable to a solute that forms a solution with the solvent, water. This type of movement also moves down a concentration gradient, from a higher water concentration which has fewer solute molecules, to a lower water concentration with more solute molecules. Water moves into a cell, for example, by osmosis when it is placed into a hypotonic solution because the solution usually has a higher concentration of water and fewer non-penetrating particles. This results in swelling as molecules of water move into the cell. In this experiment, I propose that it will show that a bag with ...

Breastfeeding Critical Incident Essay

The personal critical incident paper is designed for the students to identify and articulate their own culture and effects impacts and working with other cultures in particular Hispanic and Latino client. The author of this personal critical incident paper is a 26-year-old African American female she was born in a two-parent middle-class home she is the eldest of two girls. She graduated in the top 15 percent of her high school class. She was able to secure a great score on her ACT and her college†¦ Caroline Barber S00155374 NSG 636 Critical Incident Pressure Injuries in the Perioperative Environment. Critical Incident Essay 30% Figure 1 from Walton-Greer, P. (2009). Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in the Surgical Patient. AORN Journal, 89(3), 538-552. MARKING CRITERIA INTRODUCTION 0-2 Some key information missing in introduction & conclusion. 3-5 Detailed and focused introduction & conclusion. 6-8 Well developed introduction & conclusion. 9-10 Very well developed†¦ Service Marketing Critical Incident Report Bachelor of Commerce (Marketing & Management) Author: Goh Bing Chong Basil (5269131) * Executive Summary This critical report took place at Mischief’s restaurant during September 2015, during the interview it was revealed that an unfortunate case of the dissatisfying experience was involved. Both management and staffs level of customer service provided was a disappointment to customers. After the analysis of the critical incident report, a customers†¦ Critical Incident A Reflective Essay Rich & Parker 2001 defines critical incidents as snapshots of something that happens to a patient, their family or healthcare professional. It may be something positive, or it could be a situation where someone has suffered in some way. Reflecting on critical incidents will allow me to explore and analyse incidents and how it has affects me and what I hope to do with these effects in the course of my training towards becoming a registered practitioner. It†¦ benefits of breastfeeding for the critical analysis paper because during my clinical rotations on the floor I noticed that breast feeding is always one of the main focal points of care. I just have questions about how effective is breast feeding and are their other options that are comparable to the effects that it offers to newborns. There were several experiences that occurred during my stent in the UNC women’s hospital that illustrates many points regarding the subject of breastfeeding, two in particular†¦ purpose of this essay is to critically examine an incident from recent practice using a model of reflection. This will enable me to analyse and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions concerning personal learning outcomes. The meaning of critical analysis and critical incidents will briefly be discussed followed by the process of reflection. The incident will then be described and analysed and then I will discuss issues raised in light of the recent literature relating to the incident. I will conclude†¦ Portfolio – A description and analysis of up to 3 critical incidents encountered on school Experience A that you consider to be teaching dilemmas In this assignment, I will analyse and reflect on a critical incident that I was confronted with during school experience A (here after will be referred to as SEA). I will reflect on the implications that my critical incident has had on my practice and I will relate it to theory. In addition, I will make reference to four approaches of analysis which†¦ Critical Incident Analysis - Placement Interview Summary of the incident After having my application successfully shortlisted for a second placement with Hull City Council, I attended a briefing session where approximately 12 applicants in the same field as myself were informed of what the competitive nature of the interview process actually entailed. Selection for placement availability with adults was to be based upon individual performance in a written task, interview and group discussion at†¦ Contemporary Challenges in Mental Health Care Provision and Management 2 B73M20 Cohort 09/09 Student ID: 20328 Assignment: Critically analyse an incident experienced whilst in practice, allowing opportunity to explore professional responsibilities, concepts of care management and the impact of health policy/legislation on care provision. You should demonstrate fitness of practice (NMC, 2008). Submission Date: 14 May 2012 Assignment word count: 3000 Actual word count: 2967†¦ A critical incident is an expected occurrence in group work, though not all incidents will carry the same degree of seriousness nor will they be unambiguous in nature. The reality of differences among even those with common backgrounds or presenting problems would allude to the fact that it is more likely then not that a critical incident will occur within a group setting. Though often conflict itself is perceived as negative, it can, if apprioately addressed, be a positive turning point in a group†¦

Why New Business Start-Ups Fail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Why New Business Start-Ups Fail - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that a sound business idea is critical for the establishment of any business. Most business start-ups fail especially in their first year due to lack of a transformative idea that can be channeled into meaningful activity. When investors get ready to invest in a business, an area of concentration is on those entities that are scalable, and this decision is made based on the soundness of the ideas presented. This means that businesses that have a wide mandate in the market are never a viable option for potential investors. Investors always go for those businesses that are not general but specific with respect to some target market. To this extent, start-up businesses fail in the sense that there is no idea that that is specific to the businesses that are being established. For start-ups, the experience is a big issue given that the business entities are still new, and with no proper market survival techniques or experience needed for their sustenance. As such, quite a number have failed, without the owners acknowledging the need to have hired appropriate personnel to bridge the skill gaps. Experience in a business entity has all to do with knowing the right forecasting methods, cost structures, and resource utilization. In this sense, it becomes possible for businesses to engage in risky affairs that can lead to failure, and without adequate experience, will likely fail. Upcoming businesses should learn from failures of the former and realize that the short period served in the market is as a result of having no experience in a particular line of business.